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Contagion - Inter-species transmission and pet care during owner illness/pregnancy (incl. Covid)

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Wiebke

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1 Covid and Monkey pox Tansmission Risk Assessment re. Guinea Pigs
- Covid

- Monkey pox
2 Ill owners: Contagion and Transmission Risks
3 Human Pregnancy or Immuno-depression and Guinea Pig Care
4 Transmission of Illnesses Between Guinea Pigs and Other Pet Species (Zoonosis)

- Ringworm (multispecies)
- Bordetella (from dogs or rabbits)
- E.cuniculi (from rabbits)
- Fly strike (eggs/maggots from flesh laying flies)
- Flea treatment and large pet sprays and powders
- Other not cavy specific skin parasites that can affect guinea pigs
- Worms

- Dog/fox pee

5 Practical Hygiene and Care Advice During Owner Illness
6 Ill/Self-isolating and Running Out of Guinea Pig Supplies?


1 Covid and monkey pox transmission risk assessment re. guinea pigs

Covid

It is very rare that things jump over from humans to guinea pigs, especially as many viruses are species specific.

A new study by UC David on genomic modelling of a wide range of species has shown that guinea pigs (like other rodents) are at a very low risk of being affected by the virus. (August 2020)
There is a very small and yet not researched risk that pet fur can act as a transmission angle from one human to another. That is the rason why our general hygiene recommendations are as important as never before.
One Health Institute (shared by The Guinea pig Guru)

This also goes for Covid-19, the new coronavirus on the block. Just because it has jumped one species barrier doesn't mean that it will jump all others automatically, too! However, good hand washing hygiene (before and after any interaction), no kissing and no interaction when acutely affected with ANY pet is vital common sense practice.
Here is the latest stance on pets cats: British Veterinary Association - BVA

Here is the new poster with recommendations (25th March2020), which tally with our own forum recommendations since the outbreak re. looking after your piggies. These recommendations have not changed.
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Good hygiene and hand washing before and after any interaction with your pets (including feeding) as well as limiting direct contact with your pets if possible while you are acutely infected is still key. If possible, move your pets out of your bedroom while acutely ill.

You can transmit virus particles onto your pets' coats. There has been a case of Covid infection in hamsters being sold in a petshop in Singapore in January 2020, which has led to a city-wide cull of hamsters to prevent Covid being transmitted back to humans. This is likely the result of lack of hygiene and precaution. The same could happen in other in small rodent species.

Accessing veterinary care during Covid restrictions: Accessing veterinary care during coronavirus/Covid-19 lockdown


Monkey pox
Rodents (which include guinea pigs) are the main vector on the animal side via which monkey pox has made the species jump to humans. So far, any cases in Europe and the USA have been only human to human transmissions from people returning from some African countries or in close contact with them.
Monkey pox is much less infective than Covid. You need to share some time with an infected or person or their belongings (like shared bedding) in order to catch it.
It is worth mentioning that a one-off smallpox vaccination is also effective against monkey pox (including when given in the early stages of the infection) and that this vaccine is already developed, on stand-by and can be upscaled much more quickly than with Covid. Many of the older generation at higher risk of complications have had the smallpox vaccination with life-long protection already in the mass vaccination campaigns of the 1950-60ies before smallpox was declared eradicated. We are in a very different position in terms of monkey pox compared to Covid.

Guinea pigs can only become a problem when somebody in their household is infected and interacting closely with them as they could catch and then pass on the infection to others. Should monkey pox really become significant (which is not all that likely), measures for safeguarding a spread of the infection via rodent pets will be put in place; but they are more likely to happen at the borders/airports once an initial, likely limited outbreak is under control.

The good practice and common sense hygiene tips in this guide here will hopefully reduce that risk massively. Please do not kiss your piggies, always wash/disinfect your hands thoroughly after and in between handling any pets, use a towel or lap pad for your piggies and gloves for any cage cleaning - but these things already apply largely for your normal daily interaction anyway.
 
2 Ill Owners: Contagion and Transmission Risks to Guinea Pigs

Common human infectious illnesses and transmission risk to guinea pigs

There is thankfully not a lot that jumps between guinea pigs and humans but erring on the cautious side will help in case you are testing positive for some nastier and transmittable that is starting out looking like a bad tummy upset or cold

Low risk of transmission (please note that the risk is not zero)
- Covid/flu/bad colds
- minor tummy upsets
- most skin parasites don't jump between humans and guinea pigs - they cannot survive outside their host species but some may shortly affect you or your pets.

Mutual contagion risk between humans and guinea pigs (not exhaustive)
- norovirus
- salmonella
- e.coli
- cryptosporidium
- strep throat (streptococcus potential jump)
- pneumoccus (pneumonia potential jump)
- ringworm (highly contagious fungal skin infection that can affect especially children worse and may require a trip to the doctor; this is by far the most common inter-species transmission between humans and various pet species)

More practical and helpful information in these links here
Human Colds/flu And Tummy Bug Advice
New Guinea Pig Problems: Sexing & Pregnancy; URI, Ringworm & Parasites; Vet Checks & Customer Rights
Guinea Lynx :: Parasites
Ringworm: Hygiene, Care And Pictures
 
3 Human Pregnancy or Immuno-depression and Guinea Pigs

Please take the time to read our comprehensive information guide, which will lead you through all considerations and practical aspects of life with guinea pigs while being pregnant or undergoing cancer treatment etc.
Good hygiene and common sense are key, as is seeking help from family and friends (or neighbours).

Here is the link: Human Pregnancy/Immune Deficiency And Guinea Pigs

We hope that the guide will answer your questions but if you want to get feedback from other members with practical experiences, please open a thread in this section.
 
4 Transmission Between Pet Species (Zoonosis)

Generally, it is best to ensure that any pets of different species do not come into direct contact; this includes rabbits.

There are some illnesses that can be carried asymptomatically by other species that can jump to guinea pigs in direct contact, like especially bordetella ('kennel cough' in dogs but also present in rabbits or cats; please note that infection can also happen from freshly vaccinated pets in the days after when bordetella is being shed).

The following entries deal with the most common issues
(including further in-depth information links)

List of guinea pig specific skin parasites (no transmission risk to other species):
New piggy problems: URI - ringworm - skin parasites


Ringworm
An aggressive and highly contagious species jumping skin infection that can affect especially children quite badly and may require seeking medical help at your doctor's. Ringworm is the most common and widespread problem that can be passed on between nearly all pet species and their owners. Utmost hygiene is key to getting on top of the long lived invisibly tiny spores.
Here is is our comprehensive practical step-by-step guide with pictures and lots of practical advice on how to deal with a ringworm outbreak once and for all: Ringworm: Hygiene, Care And Pictures
Your customer rights and vet fee reimbursement in newly bought pets: New Guinea Pig Problems: Sexing & Pregnancy; URI, Ringworm & Parasites; Vet Checks & Customer Rights

Bordetella (Kennel cough in dogs, but also carried asymptomatically by rabbits and cats)
Dogs, Kennel Cough And Guinea Pigs - An Important Consideration.

E.cuniculi (transmitted from rabbits in direct or indirect contact)
In rabbits there is - among some other potentially transmittable illnesses that can be fatal for guinea pigs and some parasites that can also affect guinea pigs - also a risk of transmitting e.cuniculi (which affects the brain) from rabbits to guinea pigs. E.cuniculi can be transmitted via tiny infectious food particles falling into food dishes via the owner when feeding both species in different hutches or cages at the same.
If you have both species, please do not house the two species together or in the same room; do not place any used dishes together and always feed, medicate, clean and groom your guinea pigs before doing the same with your rabbits in order to minimise the risk of carring anything across that could be fatal for guinea pigs.
CBS (Calcified Bulla Syndrome) and Neurological Problems - Symptoms and Care
Guinea Pigs And Rabbits - Why Not

Fly-strike (flesh eating maggots laid by some special fly species)
Deadly if not treated immediately as a life or death emergency.
Fly Strike

Flea Treatment and large pet disinfection sprays (potentially deadly for guinea pigs)
Please note that fleas are not a guinea pig parasite and that parasite treatments and disinfectants for other larger species contain highly toxic substances that can kill guinea pigs. ALWAYS double check whether a product is specifically safe to use for small pets/rodents and do not treat on spec with groad spectrum pet shop parasite products because they are too low dosed to be effective but can contain harmful substances.
Fleas And Flea Powders

Foreign skin parasites that can jump species and affect guinea pigs
- Rabbit ear mites (psoroptes cuniculi) - only possible if you have rabbits or wild rabbits in potential contact with your guinea pigs. Can cause head tilts and pain in the ears. Please see a vet promptly with any head tilt or sensitive ears.

- Fur mites (cheyletiella parasitivorax): Can affect several pet species (dogs, cats etc. and also jump to guinea pigs); it can cause dermatitis in humans. Please seek vet and human medical care.
For species jumping skin parasites: Guinea Lynx :: Parasites
Guinea pig specific skin parasites and your customer rights/vet reimbursement in newly bought pets: New Guinea Pig Problems: Sexing & Pregnancy; URI, Ringworm & Parasites; Vet Checks & Customer Rights

Worms
Worms can happen but are very rare in guinea pigs. Regular worming is not necessary unless you have free roaming guinea pigs (which we emphatically do not recommend for a variety of reasons) or guinea pigs with regular access to a lawn that is used by lots of different species. We have seen perhaps a handful of genuine cases of worms in all the time we have been running this forum.

- Dog/fox pee
Fresh dog (and fox) pee can and does kill guinea pigs. Please fence off your guinea pig grazing areas on the lawn if you also have dogs and always carefully wash any fresh forage (including grass) before feeding to guinea pigs.
 
5 Practical Hygiene and Care Advice During Human Illness

Acute Owner Illness

Keep any handling and grooming to the absolutely necessary minimum and do not cuddle until you are over the acute and highly contagious phase.
Good hand washing hygiene before and after, no kissing and ideally no direct contact or as little as you can get away with are crucial.
You can pass Covid fragments onto your pets that can stay live for several hours; so wearing a mask and disposable gloves when in contact with your piggies or if you are pregnant/immuno-depressed and worried about contagion when cleaning out your piggies may additionally help.

If possible ask a healthy household member to feed, groom, clean and medicate your guinea pigs until you are past the highly infectious acute stage and back on your feet again without being in danger of falling or fainting. If possible, have the piggies moved out of your room.

Make sure that you make arrangements to have your pets looked after in case you are very ill and may suddenly need hospitalisation; especially if you are in a higher risk group with pre-existing problems (diabetes, heart problems, asthma, immune problems or old age) and have become infected - whether that is Covid or another health problem.

If you are on your own and are very ill/sick, please just feed, water and medicate your guinea pigs (ideally with single use gloves and plenty of thorough hand washing) but refrain from poo patrol, cleaning and grooming. Your guinea pigs will survive a little temporary neglect for a few days without a problem!
Speak with your neighbours, family or local friends about helping each other with shopping or even booking joint supermakret deliveries in case slots become difficult to obtain.

It is more important that you get back on your legs and get well quickly! If you fall over and hurt yourself or faint and wind up in hospital, you won't do your piggies any favour, either...


General precautionary measures

If you haven't got friends or family close by, please befriend a likely neighbour for shopping support and check your local area for pet sitting services that will cover guinea pigs NOW in case you fall ill or end up in hospital to ensure that your pets do not go hungry and thirsty or tragically die.
Make sure that a trustworthy person has got a key and can access your pets and organise their care in an emergency.

Also have a note by the entrance as to how many pets (if caged, in which room) are in the house in case of a fire, so the fire crew can look for them and count that they have got all your pets if that is possible.
 
6 Ill/Self-Isolating and Running Out of Guinea Pig Food?

It can happen that you are suddenly ill and do not have family and friends close by to help out immediately.

Please see whether you can organise a supermarket delivery or find a neighbour/small neighbourhood shop or your local church to help you find somebody who is willing to shop for you and your pets - ideally before you fall ill. Make sure that you always have a little cash at home for an emergency if at all possible.

Sourcing hay

Hay is the most important food source for guinea pigs that you cannot replace. For this reason, always have an extra week ot two of hay supplies at home; just in case. Know where you can order supplies online if needed but be aware that a next day delivery is not always possible. Stuff happens!

Fresh grass can cover some of your hay needs but you cannot suddenly feed lots of it to guinea pigs not accustomed because it can cause diarrhea or bloating. They should still have access to hay at all times.
Feeding Grass And Preparing Your Piggies For Lawn Time

Veg alternatives
Fresh grass

If access to fresh veg is difficult, your piggies can make do without it for a while or can live off fresh grass from your garden (which is high in vitamin C) as long as an uninfected person can go out and pick some. Please do not introduce a large quantity of fresh, damp grass on an unprepared digestive system and inroduce it gradually.
Feeding Grass And Preparing Your Piggies For Lawn Time

Growing fresh herbs and cut-and-come lettuce indoors
In case of veg supplies in shops running low in the coming months, getting herb seeds and growing them in seed trays on the window sill is another way to ensure some fresh food. Cut-and-come lettuce is also an option you can consider for indoors food. Any container will do.

Wild forage
Foraging is also going to be an alternative option as spring is getting underway: Safe wild weeds/plants you can feed your piggies (UK plants)

Pellet alternatives
If your pellets are running out and getting more is a problem, then please do not panic: it is the smallest and most disposable part of the guinea pig diet. You should feed only 1 tablespoon per piggy per day anyway - and your piggies will not suffer if they do not get any for a while. The piggies in my childhood never had pellets and still lived to 6-10 years without any serious illnesses.

Veg and pellets in combination are replacing the supplementary role that wild forage (ca. 25%) used play for guinea pigs in addition to their grass/hay main diet (ca. 75% of the daily food intake).

If you have access to fresh herbs, grass or dandelions, then you can replace your pellets with feeding that; please always wash any foraged stuff as fresh dog/fox pee is poinsonous to guinea pigs.
PS: All parts of a dandelion are edible, by the way!
 
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