I’m sorry to hear of your situation. He looks like a lovely boy!
If you are going to surrender him to a shelter, then please don’t worry about anything to do with his weight - you just need to surrender him and they will check him and do what needs to be done.
If he was to be determined the he shelter /vet that he was underweight, then making them gain weight has to be done very carefully and healthily. It is a process which would take many months - there is no quick way to do it (not even quick and safe) because piggies gain weight very slowly simply by eating a lot of hay.
Unless a vet determines he is medically underweight then you should not do anything to make him put in weight. Feeding him up unnecessarily would be unhealthy.
There is no such guide for weight to age ie a piggy can’t be small based on their age - the healthy adult weight range is anything between 600g and 1600g. A piggy can simply be small but be perfectly healthy. I have one pig who was 1550g in his prime and another who barely weighs 1000g - they are all healthy, just genetically different sizes.
The way you check whether a pig is a healthy size is to check their heft. You put your hands around their ribs and see how many ribs you can feel. You want to be able to just feel his ribs with a nice fat layer over. That then makes him the perfect size.
If you feel every rib and the spaces between them wirh no fat layer, then that is underweight. Not being able to feel any ribs because of a large fat layer then that means he is overweight.
The way guinea pigs put in weight is by eating a lot of hay.
If his diet is a healthy one and he has unlimited access to hay, one cup of veg per day and just one tablespoon of pellets per day, then it is unusual for piggy to be under or overweight. Barring a medical issue, they tend to maintain their genetically determined adult weight nicely without you needing to intervene.
The guide below explains a lot more about weight and heft