The advice you’ve been given so far about bonding is not correct. Even leaving them an hour is not correct. You simply put them together once and do not separate them at all after the very first moment you put the together, unless the bonding categorically fails.
Not being accepted by one or both of the original pigs is an outright failure and bonding should not continue or be attempted again.
Bonding is literally one meeting - make or break on that one day.
Acceptance takes between the first 5 and 30 minutes of the meeting. A bonding can fail right here and never be able to go any further. If they get through the first half an hour together then it’s usually safe to say acceptance has occurred and they then go into hierarchy phase while on neutral territory which takes a few more hours. Then you move them to their permanent cage and they go into the final stage which then lasts two weeks.
If you separate at any time after the very first moment they are put together in the bonding pen then you stop everything.
It’s so important that you are reading the behaviour correctly and not panicking/separating unnecessarily (as that will harm their bond).
What I can say is that the nipping and chasing is normal, it will happen and is not of concern. That is simply the older pigs putting youngster in her place at the bottom of the hierarchy.
Some lunging can be ok and is a defensive fear based behaviour - your older pig may be feeling unsure of her position as dominant piggy. It does not necessarily mean failure is inevitable if the underpig submits and dominant backs down given a bit more time.
However, If one piggy is lunging continuously and clearly wants nothing to do with the youngster during the acceptance phase then the bonding will/has fail(ed).
If the two original piggies turn on each other then it’s not worth continuing as it can break their bond. You have to accept that the bonding isn’t going to work.
QUOTE - i would really like to make them work because the young one has been alone for a while and looks like she really wants friends, is it possible to make it work if i keep them separated for some time and re introduce them?
No it’s not possible to make it work. You cannot influence their compatibility at all - they either like each other today and for the rest of their lives or they hate each other for life!
If the bonding fails first time then living side by side and trying again down the line won’t make any difference, it’ll just fail again.
(It is recommended that when you bring a new piggy home that they live side by side for a few days/week before bonding day as a way to calm down and get to know each other between the bars. However, it still doesnt mean that the bonding will work. If they are not compatible living side by side doesn’t change anything).
If it fails now then it’s a case of having a two cages permanently. Leaving the original two together and then ideally finding a fourth piggy to bond with the youngster. (Best done via dating at a rescue centre to ensure compatibility and a successful bond).
While a single pig can live happily side by side with other pig(s) as it allows interaction between the bars without the need to share territory, living with another is the best option where possible.
Read our guides below - they detail how to bond, the types of behaviours which are normal, how bonding looks in reality, the also show the types of behaviours which means bonding has failed or is not likely to be successful.
Bonding and Interaction: Illustrated social behaviours and bonding dynamics
Adding More Guinea Pigs Or Merging Pairs – What Works And What Not?
If you are sure what you are seeing so far has been an outright failure in acceptance, then sadly it’s best that you do not try it again.
If you are not sure whether you may have just stepped in too soon, then , once you’ve familiarised yourself with the guides, put the piggies on neutral territory with just hay and no hides.
If acceptance does occur, then leave them in the bonding pen for several hours/all day.
If acceptance does not occur, then separate them and leave them side by side permanently.
If acceptance does occur, while they are in the bonding pen, you then need to clean out the cage they are to live in (make sure it is 180x60cm for three sows).
After a few hours you can then move them to the cage together. Add some open ended hides (never use hides with one door). They will then continue bonding. This part takes around two weeks and during that time you will see dominance behaviours. That’s fine and normal so you leave them to get on with it.
Very occasionally, a bonding can still fail within that first two week period if they fail to establish a hierarchy. Again, if that happens then you will need to separate and not try to bond them again.